Panchang (पञ्चाङ्ग) is the Hindu almanac for a given day: it combines five limbs — Tithi (lunar day), Vara (weekday), Nakshatra (lunar mansion), Yoga, and Karana — plus sunrise/sunset and auspicious or inauspicious windows like Rahu Kaal. It is used to align actions with cosmic rhythm.

Tithi is the lunar day: the angular relationship between Sun and Moon. There are 30 tithis in a lunar month (15 in Shukla Paksha, 15 in Krishna Paksha). Tithi influences mood, rituals, and muhurat selection alongside Nakshatra and weekday.

Rahu Kaal is a roughly 90-minute inauspicious window each weekday, ruled by Rahu in the traditional division of the day. Starting new journeys, major purchases, or sacred beginnings is usually avoided during Rahu Kaal; routine activity may continue.

Choghadiya divides day and night into eight segments each (16 total), classifying them as auspicious or mixed for travel and routine work. It is especially popular in Gujarat and western India as a quick daily guide alongside the full Panchang.